Data Sources
Here are links to many of the sources from which we’ve drawn information in discussing the potential benefits of the Shoreline Greenway Trail and increased pedestrian and bicycle connections.
The data is from the most recent studies available conducted by highly reputable organizations in alternative transportation, government, academia, bike/pedestrian advocacy and multi-use trail development. We’ve attempted to be as accurate and up-to-date as possible. Some studies are very recent, others not so; we’ve attempted to use data from older studies only where the findings are generally considered still valid today.
SAFETY
Governors Highway Safety Association, Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Bicycle Safety
University of Connecticut Crash Data Repository
Walking and Cycling in Western Europe and the United States: Trends, Policies and Lessons, Buhler & Pucher, TR News, May-June 2012
HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT
American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau
American Lung Association, State of the Air (updated 2017)
Annual Medical Spending Attributable to Obesity, Health Affairs, 2009
Active Commuting and Cardiovascular Disease Risk, American Medical Association CARDIA Study, 2009
Biking to Work: Healthful Until You Hit a Pothole, National Public Radio, 2103
Comprehensive Health Impact Assessment: Clark County (Wash.) Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan, 2010
Connecticut County Health Rankings, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, 2016
Connecticut State Health Assessment 2020, Connecticut Department of Public Health
Cost Analysis of the Built Environment: The Case of Bike and Pedestrian Trails in Lincoln, Nebraska, American Journal of Public Health, April 2004
Costs and Benefits of Bicycling Investments in Portland, Oregon, Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2011
Greater New Haven Community Index, 2013 (updated 2016)
Ludlam Trail (MiamI-Dade County, Florida) Case Study, 2011
Millions of Calories Burned in Denver Bike-Share Program, Rails-to-Trails Conservancy, 2011
Mode and Mood: Does How We Travel Affect How We Feel?, Morris & Guerra, Clemson University, 2015
Moderate Exercise: No Pain, Big Gains, Harvard Health Publications, May 2007
National Institutes of Health, Overweight and Obesity Statistics
Obesity, Exercise and Physical Activity, Connecticut School Health Survey, 2015
Safe Routes to School National Partnership, Health and Obesity
Secret to a Long, Healthy Life: Bike to the Store, National Public Radio, 2011
Step it Up! The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Promote Walking and Walkable Communities
Taking Action on Climate Change 2014 Progress Report, Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
U.S. Centers for Disease Control, Physical Activity Basics, Benefits & Statistics
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, U.S. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Walking, Biking and Climate Change, Rails-to-Trails Conservancy, 2007
ECONOMICS, PROPERTY VALUES AND CRIME
Alliance for Walking & Biking, 2016 Benchmarking Report
Assessing the Economic and Livability Value of Multi-Use Trails: A Case Study into the Tammany Trace Rail Trail in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, University of Oregon Department of Planning, Public Policy & Management (Hammons), May 2015
Bicycle Paths: Safety Concerns and Property Values, Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Bicycle Tourism in Maine: Economic Impacts and Marketing Recommendations, 2001
Business Cycles: Catering to the Bicycling Market, TR News, May-June 2012
The Complete Business Case for Converting Street Parking into Bike Lanes, Citylab/Atlantic Monthly, March 2015
Economic Benefits of Trails and Greenways, Rails-to-Trails Conservancy
The Economic Impact of Bicycling on Wisconsin, 2001
The Economic Impact of the Erie Canalway Trail, Parks & Trails New York
Economic Impact of Trails, National Trails Training Partnership
Estimating Tourism Expenditures for the Burlington Waterfront Path and the Island Line Trail, University of Vermont Transportation Research Center, February 2010
An Executive Summary of a Business Survey Done on the Cape Cod Rail Trail, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management, 1993
From Trail Towns to Transit-Oriented Development, Rails-to-Trails Conservancy
Home Sales Near Two Massachusetts Rail Trails, The Murphys Realtors, 2009
The Impact of the Little Miami Scenic Trail on Single-Family Residential Property Values, University of Cincinnati, 2008
The Impact of Rail Trails on Nearby Residential Property Values: A Case Study of the Minuteman Bikeway and Lexington, Massachusetts, Salem State University, 2007
Multi-use Trails: Benefits and Concerns of Residents and Property Owners, Journal of Urban Planning/Headwaters Economics (Corning, Mowatt & Chancellor), 2012
Benefits of Trails and Greenways, National Park Service, 2008
Naugatuck River Greenway: Path to Revitalization, March 2017
Pinellas Trail (Florida) Community Impact Study, 2001
Property Value/Desirability Effects of Bike Paths Adjacent to Residential Areas, Delaware Center for Transportation/Delaware Department of Transportation, 2006
Small Towns, Vibrant Communities: Bicycling is good business in Maine
Study Shows Biking Customers Spend More, Bike Portland, July 2012
Rail-Trails and Safe Communities, Rails-to-Trails Conservancy, 1998
The Virginia Creeper Trail: An Assessment of User Demographics, Preferences and Economics, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2004
DEMOGRAPHICS & PLANNING
Connecticut Economic Resource Center, Town Profiles
Connecticut Statewide Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan Update, October 2015
New Haven Vision 2025: A Plan for a Sustainable, Healthy and Vibrant City, November 2015
River Council of Governments (RiverCOG), Bike and Pedestrian Planning
South Central Regional Long-Range Transportation Plan, 2015-2040, April 2015 update
South Central Region, Demographic and Socioeconomic Trends, August 2015
South Central Regional Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan, June 2007
ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION, BIKING, WALKING & TRAILS (GENERAL)
Alliance for Walking & Biking, 2016 Benchmarking Report
Benefits of Trails and Greenways, Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
Connecticut Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Board
Connecticut Safe Routes to School
Connecticut Statewide Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Plan, Connecticut Department of Transportation, 2009
Federal Highway Administration Bicycle and Pedestrian Program
Like Millennials, More Older Americans Steering Away from Driving, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (reported by National Public Radio), 2016
Pedestrian & Bicycle Information Center, University of North Carolina
Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC, NYC Department of Transportation, September 2014
Short-trip Shift Success in Sheboygan, Wisconsin
Strategic Bike/Ped Investment Delivers Results in Marin, Rails-to-Trails Conservancy, 2010
TR News (Transportation Research Board of the National Academies), May-June 2012
Victoria Transport Policy Institute
REGIONAL TRAILS AND BIKE/PED INITIATIVES
Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Committee of Madison
Bike and Pedestrian Alliance of Clinton